Symphytum Comfrey Species: 147

Symphytum Species Comfrey Volume 1, pages 44-47: Botany and History of Comfrey; Garden Uses of Comfrey
	“147 species of Symphytum listed: APNI= Australian Plant Names Index®: Australian National Botanic Gardens, Canberra, Act. GCI= Gray Card Index®: Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, Massachusetts. IK= Index Kewensis®: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Registers all botanical names for seed plants at the rank of species and genera. Also names of taxonomic families and ranks below that of species.
Boraginaceae Symphytum L. -- Sp. Pl. 1: 136. 1753 [1 May 1753] (GCI) Boraginaceae Symphytum L. -- Species Plantarum (1 May 1753) 136, Genera Plantarum ed. 5 1754 (APNI) Boraginaceae Symphytum L. -- Sp. Pl. 1: 136. 1753 [1 May 1753] (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum sect. Graeca Pawl. -- Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 17(1): 19. 1971 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum abchasicum Trautv. -- Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou xliii. (1870) I. 72. (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum aintabicum Hub.-Mor. & Wickens -- Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 29: 174. 1969 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum album hort. ex Steud. -- Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel] 821. 1821 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum ambiguum Pau. -- Not. Bot. Fl. Espan. iii. (1889) 32. (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum americanum W.Young -- Cat. Arbres, Arbustes & Pl. Herb. Am. 47 (1783). (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum anatolicum Boiss. -- Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 4: 43. 1844 [Jun 1844] (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum angustifolium A.Kern. -- Oesterr. Bot. Z. 13: 227. 1863 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum armeniacum Buckn. -- J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 41: 520. 1913 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum armenum Gundelsh. ex DC. --Prodr.[A.P. deCandolle] 10:66. 1846[8 Apr 1846] (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum asperrimum d'Urv. -- Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 276. 1822 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum asperrimum Donn -- Bot. Mag. 24: t. 929. 1806 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum asperum Lepech. -- in Nov. Act. Acad. Petrop. xiv. (1805) 442. t. 7. (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum asperum Lepech. var. armeniacum(Buckn.)Kurtto-Ann.Bot.Fenn19(3):186.1982(IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum azureum H.C.Hall -- in Tijdschr. Wetensch. ii. (1849) 128. (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum beckii Petr. -- Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. xiii. 146 (1907). (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum besseri Zaver. -- Ukrayins'k. Bot. Zhurn. 19(5): 56. 1962 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum x bicknellii Buckn. -- J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 41: 552. 1913 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum bohemicum F.W.Schmidt -- Fl. Boem. iii. 13. t. 263. (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum bornmuelleri Buckn. -- J. Linn. Soc., Bot. xli. 536 (1913). (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum borragineum Tausch -- Flora 19(2): 393. 1836 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum brachycalyx Boiss. -- Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 4: 43. 1844 [Jun 1844] (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum brochum Bory & Chaub. -- Nouv. Fl. Pelop. 13. t. 8. 1838 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum bulbosum K.F.Schimp. -- Flora 8(1, no. 2): 17. 1825 [14 Jan 1825] (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum bulbosum Schur -- Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 468. 1866 [Apr-Jun 1866] (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum bullatum Hornem. -- Hort. Bot. Hafn. i. 179. 1813 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum calcaratum E.D.Clarke -- Travels Eur. Asia & Africa ii. 651. (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum carmosina Hort.Angl. ex Steud. -- Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2. 2: 654. 1841 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum carpaticum Yu.M.Frolov --Bot. Zhurn.(Moscow & Leningrad)72(10): 1396. 1987 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum caucasicum M.Bieb. -- Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 128. 1808 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum caucasicum D.Don -- in Sweet, Brit. Flow. Gard. Ser. II. t. 294. (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum circinale Runemark -- Bot. Not. 120: 90. 1967 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum ciscaucasium Gvin. -- Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast. 29: 55. 1972 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum clusii C.C.Gmel. -- Fl. Bad. iv. 144. (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum coccineum hort. ex Schltdl. -- Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 7: 731. 1849 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum coeruleum Hort.Angl. ex DC.-Prodr.[A. P. de Candolle]10:40.1846 [8 Apr 1846] (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum coeruleum Petitm. ex Thell --Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges.Zurich 52: 459. 1907 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum commune Faegri--BergensMus.Arbok1931,Naturvidensk.Rekke,No.4,30(1932).(IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum consolida Gueldenst.-Reis.Russland(Gueldenst.)i.420; exLedeb.Fl.Ross. iii.114(IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum cordatum M.Bieb. -- Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 130. 1808 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum cordatum Waldst. & Kit. -- Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 1: 6, t. 7. [1799-1802] (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum cordatum Willd. -- Neue Schriften Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin ii. (1799) 121. (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum cordifolium Baumg. -- Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 1: 126. 1816 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum creticum (Willd.) Runemark -- Boissiera xiii. 100 (1967). (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum creticum (Willd.) Runemark var. squamulatum (Pawl.) R.L.Jahn -- in R. Jahn & P. Schonfelder, Exkursionsfl. Kreta 28 (1995), without exact basionym page:. (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum cycladense Pawl. -- Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 17(1): 25. 1971 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum davisii Wickens -- Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 29: 168. 1969 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum davisii Wickens subsp.cycladense(Pawl)Stearn-AnnMusGoulandris7:196(1986)(IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum davisii Wickens subsp.icaricum (Pawl.)Stearn-Ann.Mus.Goulandris7:198(1986)(IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum davisii Wickens subsp.naxicola (Pawl.)Stearn- Ann.Mus.Goulandris7:198(1986)(IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum x densiflorum Buckn. -- J. Bot. 50: 334. 1912 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum dichroanthum Teyber -- Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 56: 73. 1906 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum x discolor Buckn. -- J. Bot. 50: 333. 1912 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum donii DC. -- Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 37. 1846 [8 Apr 1846] (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum echinatum Ledeb. -- Hort. Dorpat. Suppl. (1811) 5. (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum elatum Tausch -- Flora 19(2): 393. 1836 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum euboicum Runemark exWickens-RoyBotGardEdinburgh29:167.1969(IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum ferrariense Massal. -- Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1913, 78. hybr. (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum filipendulum Bisch. -- Flora 9(2): 562. 1826 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum floribundum Shuttlew. ex Nyman -- Consp. Fl. Eur. 3: 509. 1881 [Jul 1881] (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum foliosum Rehmann -- Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 18: 495. 1868 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum fruticosum Sesse & Moc. -- Naturaleza (Mexico City) ser. 2, 1: 21. 1888 (GCI) Boraginaceae Symphytum fruticosum Moc., Sesse & Moc.- Pl. Nov.Hisp. 21(Naturaleza Mexico City);1888(IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum fruticosum Moc. ex DC. -- Prodr.[A. P. de Candolle] 10:121. 1846 [8 Apr 1846] (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum grandiflorum DC. -- Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 40. 1846 [8 Apr 1846] (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum gussonei F.W.Schultz -- in Arch. Fl. (1874) p. lviii; et in Flora, lviii. (1875) 218. (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum hajastanum Gvin. --Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast. 26: 73. 1967 ; Not. Syst.(Tbilisi) (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum x hidcotense P.D.Sell -- Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 3: 520 (361). 2009 Boraginaceae Symphytum hirsutum Raf. -- Med. Fl. 2: 95. 1830 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum x hyerense Pawl. -- Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 17(1): 31. 1971 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum ibericum Steven -- Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 24(1): 579 (-580). 1851 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum icaricum Pawl. -- Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 17(1): 19. 1971 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum insulare (Pawl.) Greuter & Burdet -- Willdenowia 11(1): 39. 1981 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum intermedium Fisch.-Cat.Jard.Pl.Gorenki ed.2, 27; Roem.&Schult.Syst4: 661812(IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum jacquinianum Tausch -- Flora 19(2): 392, in obs. 1836 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum kurdicum Boiss. & Hausskn. ex Boiss. -- Pl. Or. Nov. Dec. ii. 5. (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum laeve Besser -- Cat. Hort. Crem. Suppl. (1812) (Quidl). (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum leonhardtianum Pugsley -- J. Bot. 69: 95. 1931 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum x lilacinum Buckn. -- J. Bot. 50: 334. 1912 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum longipetiolatum Wickens -- Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 29: 179. 1969 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum longisetum Hub.-Mor. & Wickens --Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 29: 174. 1969 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum macrolepis J.Gay ex Rchb. -- Fl. Germ. Excurs. 347. (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum majus Gueldenst. ex Ledeb. -- Fl. Ross. (Ledeb.) 3(1,8): 115. 1847 [Oct 1847] (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum majus Bubani -- Fl. Pyren. (Bubani) 1: 501. 1897 [Oct-Nov 1897] (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum mediterraneum W.D.J.Koch -- Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 1(2): 500. 1837 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum mediterraneum Guss. ex F.W.Schultz -- Flora 58: 218. 1875 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum microcalyx Opiz -- Seznam 94. 1852 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum minus Bubani -- Fl. Pyren. (Bubani) 1: 502. 1897 [Oct-Nov 1897] (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum minus W.Young -- Cat. Arbres, Arbustes & Pl. Herb. Am. 47 (1783). nomen. (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum molle Janka -- Termesz. Fuzetek i. (1877) 29. (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum x mosquense S.R.Majorov&D.D.Sokoloff-Novosti Sist.Vyssh.Rast.31:241(1998)(IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum multicaule Teyber -- Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 56: 71. 1906 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum naxicola Pawl. -- Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 17(1): 21. 1971 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum nodosum Schur -- Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 468. 1866 [Apr-Jun 1866] (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum x norvicense Leaney & C.L.O'Reilly -Watsonia 27(4): 373 (372-374). [Aug 2009] Boraginaceae Symphytum officinale L. -- Sp. Pl. 1: 136. 1753 [1 May 1753] (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum officinaleLsubsp.uliginosum(A.Kern.)Nyman-Consp.Fl.Eur.509.1881S. uliginosum Boraginaceae Symphytum orientale Pall. -- Tabl. Phys. Topogr. Taur. 47; Bieb. Fl. Taur. Cauc. i. 129. (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum orientale Pinard ex DC. -- Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 40. 1846 [8 Apr 1846] (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum orientale L. -- Sp. Pl. 1: 136. 1753 [1 May 1753] (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum ottomanum Friv. -- Flora 19(2): 439. 1836 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum palaestinum var. violaceum Feinbrun -- Israel J. Bot. 25(1-2): 79. 1976 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum palestinae Boiss. -- Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 11: 94. 1849 [Mar-Apr 1849] (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum pannonicum Pers. -- Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 161. 1805 [1 Apr-15 Jun 1805] (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum patens Sibth. -- Fl. Oxon. 70. 1794 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum patens Fr. -- Novit. Fl. Suec. Mant. 2: 13. 1839 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum peregrinum Ledeb. -Index Seminum Horti Academici Dorpatensis.1820 (APNI) Boraginaceae Symphytum peregrinum Ledeb.-- Ind. Sem.Hort.Dorpat.(1820) 4; et ex Spreng. Syst. i. 563. (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum x perringianum P.H.Oswald & P.D.Sell -- Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 3: 520 (362-363). 2009 Boraginaceae Symphytum pictum hort. -- Gard. Chron. (1884) I. 827. (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum podcumicum Yu.M.Frolov --Bot.Zhurn.(Moscow & Leningrad) 70(4): 533.1985 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum x polonicum Blocki ex Buckn. -- J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 41: 552. 1913 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum popovii Dobrocz. -- Ukrayins'k. Bot. Zhurn. 25(6): 60. 1968 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum pseudobulbosum Azn. -- Bull. Herb. Boissier Ser. II. iii. 588. (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum punctatum Gaudin -- Fl. Helv. ii. 41. (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum racemosum Steph. ex Roem. & Schult. -- Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 4: 752. 1819 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum x rakosiense (Soo) Penzes -- Bot. Közlem. 38: 149, in obs. 1941 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum regium S.G.Gmel. -- Reise Russland (S.G.Gmel.) 3: 363, t. 36. f. 1. 1774 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum savvalense Kurtto -- Ann. Bot. Fenn. 19(3): 189. 1982 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum secundum S.G.Gmel. -- Reise Russland (S.G.Gmel.) 3: 363, t. 36. f. 1. 1774 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum sepulcrale Boiss. & Balansa ex Boiss.-Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(1): 174. 1875 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum sepulcrale Boiss&Balansa exBoiss.var.hordokopiiKurtto-Ann.Bot.Fenn.1982(IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum sepulcrale Boiss.&Balansa exBoiss.subsp.sylvaticumKurtto- Ann.BotFenn1982 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum sicyosmum P.Candargy -- Bull. Soc. Bot. France 44: 150. 1897 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum stenophyllum Beck -- Annal. Naturh. Hofmus. Wien ii. (1887) 132. (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum sylvaticum Boiss. -- Pl. Or. Nov. Dec. ii. 4. (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum sylvaticum Boiss. var. hordokopii (Kurtto) R.R.Mill -- Fl. Turkey 10: 188 (1988):(IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum sylvaticum Boiss.subsp.sepulcrale(Balansa)GreuterBurdet-Willdenowia1984(IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum tanaicense Steven -- Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou xxiv. (1851) I. 577. (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum tauricum Willd. -Neue Schriften Ges.Naturf.FreundeBerlin ii.(1799) 121.t 5. f 1 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum tuberosum L. -- Sp. Pl. 1: 136. 1753 [1 May 1753] (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum uliginosum A.Kern. -- Oesterr. Bot. Z. 13: 227. 1863 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum x ullepitschii Wettst. -- in A. Kern., Sched. Fl. Austro-Hung. vi. (1893) 37. (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum uplandicum Nyman -- Syll. Fl. Eur. 80. 1855 (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum uplandicum Nyman f.coeruleum(Petitm.exThell.)PD.SellFlGrBritIreland3:519 2009 Boraginaceae Symphytum uplandicum Nyman f. densiflorum (Buckn.) P.D.Sell-Fl.Gr.Brit. Ireland 3: 519. 2009 Boraginaceae Symphytum uplandicum Nyman f. discolor (Buckn.) P.D.Sell -- Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 3: 519. 2009 Boraginaceae Symphytum uplandicum Nyman f. lilacinum (Buckn.) P.D.Sell -- Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 3: 519. 2009 Boraginaceae Symphytum variegatum hort. -- Gard. Chron. n.s. 13: 779, cum cit. falsa. 1880 [1880] (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum vetteri Thell. -- Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zurich lii. 460 (1907). (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum violaceum Gaterau -Descr. Pl.Montauban48(1789);videRaynal inTaxon,(1968). (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum wettsteinii Sennholz-Sitzungsber-BotGesWien;BotCentral(1888);BeckNied(1893) Boraginaceae Symphytum x zahlbruckneri G.Beck. -- Fl. Nied. Oest. ii. II. (1893) 964. (IK) Boraginaceae Symphytum zeyheri Schimp. -- Flora 12(2): 418. 1829 (IK) “ -‘International Plant Names Index’®. (IPNI), www.ipni.org, A database of the names and associated basic bibliographical details of seed plants, ferns and lycophytes, 2018.* (‘Hort.’ or hortulanorum is used for a name that saw significant use in horticultural literature, usually 19th century and earlier, but was never properly published. This term is used so that non-wild, cultivated plants can be examined by taxonomists so they can be established as species, and published.)